Sinusitis Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Sinusitis, including details on symptoms, treatment, acute, chronic.

T-cell regulation in chronic paranasal sinus disease.

Van Bruaene N, Pérez-Novo CA, Basinski TM, Van Zele T, Holtappels G, De Ruyck N, Schmidt-Weber C, Akdis C, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Gevaert P

Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease with distinct cytokine and remodeling patterns. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by a T(H)2-skewed eosinophilic inflammation, whereas chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) represents a predominant T(H)1 milieu. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the direct tissue expression of transcription factors for T-cell subpopulations, including T regulatory cells, in relation to the cytokine expression patterns in the different disease subgroups. METHODS: The expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), T-box transcription factor (T-bet), GATA-3, retinoid acid-related orphan receptor C (RORc), the suppressive cytokines TGF-beta1 and IL-10, and T(H)1/ T(H)2/ T(H)17 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17) were analyzed by means of RT-PCR in 13 CRSsNP, 16 CRSwNP, and 10 control samples. Additional protein measurements were performed for TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma. RESULTS: In CRSwNP, we observed a significantly lower FOXP3 mRNA and TGF-beta1 protein expression, but a significantly higher T-bet, GATA-3, IL-5, and IL-13 mRNA expression compared with controls, whereas RORc was not significantly different compared with controls. In CRSsNP, FOXP3, T-bet, GATA-3, and RORc expression was not significantly different from controls, whereas TGF-beta1 mRNA, IFN-gamma mRNA, and protein were significantly higher in CRSsNP compared with controls. For IL-17, no significant differences were noted among all groups. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time a decreased FOXP3 expression accompanied by an upregulation of T-bet and GATA-3 and a downregulation of TGF-beta1 in CRSwNP versus controls and CRSsNP.

Published 9 June 2008 in J Allergy Clin Immunol, 121(6): 1435-41, 1441.e1-3.
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Articles on Sinusitis published 9 June 2008:

Evidence of a role for B cell-activating factor of the TNF family in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.   J Allergy Clin Immunol, 121(6): 1385-92, 1392.e1-2.

BACKGROUND: The polypoid form of chronic rhinosinusitis (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [CRSwNP]) is a highly prevalent disease that often requires surgical intervention for treatment. Nasal polyps contain large quantities of B lymphocytes and immunoglobulin as well as eosinophils. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), an important regulator of class-switch recombination and immunoglobulin ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Sinusitis published 20 May 2008:

Invasive Pasteurella multocida sinusitis in a renal transplant patient.   Transpl Infect Dis, 10(3): 206-8.

Pasteurella are commensal gram-negative bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of many domesticated animals. Most human infections occur post animal bite or scratch injury resulting in local cutaneous infection; however, case reports suggest that transmission may occur via animal secretions. Pasteurella species can be associated with serious systemic infections particularly in those with underlying disease and in the immunocompromised. We present a case of invasive Pasteurella multocida ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Sinusitis published 13 May 2008:

The role of cytokines in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.   Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 16(3): 270-4.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the recent literature regarding select cytokines involved in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is generally characterized by eosinophilic infiltration and a Th2-biased cytokine profile. However, the mechanisms that lead to nasal polyps are not clear. RECENT FINDINGS: There has been a significant amount of work identifying cytokines that are either upregulated or downregulated in chronic rhinosinusitis with ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

The relationship of biofilms to chronic rhinosinusitis.   Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 16(3): 237-41.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on the state of biofilm research in otolaryngology. RECENT FINDINGS: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a polymicrobial infection, which includes planktonic and biofilm infections with bacterial and fungal elements. The importance of genetic shift in microbes, when converting into a biofilm state, as well as the multiple phenotypes in each bacterial colony cannot be overemphasized. This creates a very sophisticated community of pathogens, some of which will likely ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Diseases associated with chronic rhinosinusitis: what is the significance?   Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 16(3): 231-6.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the systemic conditions that may impact the incidence, severity, prognosis, or treatment approach in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. RECENT FINDINGS: Patients with allergic rhinitis do not necessarily have more severe chronic rhinosinusitis as assessed by symptom scores, nasal endoscopy, or computed tomography staging. However, at least in pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who undergo surgery, consideration of allergy and allergy treatment ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Review of current guidelines related to the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis.   Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 16(3): 226-30.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common medical complaints, affecting nearly 31 million US citizens annually. Multiple medical professionals including emergency medicine, internal medicine, allergy, and otolaryngology treat rhinosinusitis, resulting in high-practice variability. This review will discuss recommendations of the 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery's multispecialty panel on evidence based clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Sinusitis published 5 May 2008:

ICHD-II diagnostic criteria for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in idiopathic inflammatory syndromes of the orbit and/or the cavernous sinus.   Cephalalgia, 28(6): 577-84.

A bibliographical search was conducted for papers published between 1999 and 2007 to verify the validity of International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II criteria for the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) in terms of (i) the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (ii) which steroid treatment should be considered as adequate; and (iii) the response to treatment. Of 536 articles, 48, reporting on 62 patients, met the inclusion criteria. MRI was positive in 92.1% of the cases and it ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Sinusitis published 11 April 2008:

Influence of leukotriene gene polymorphisms on chronic rhinosinusitis.   BMC Med Genet, 9: 21.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasingly viewed as an inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa interacting with bacteria and/or fungi. However, factors conferring susceptibility to disease remain unknown. Advances in genomics offer powerful tools to explore this disorder. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on CRS in a panel of genes related to cysteinyl leukotriene metabolism. METHODS: Severe cases of CRS and postal ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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